# Copyright 2009 Brian Quinlan. All Rights Reserved.
# Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement.

import logging
import threading
import time

from collections import namedtuple


__author__ = 'Brian Quinlan (brian@sweetapp.com)'

FIRST_COMPLETED = 'FIRST_COMPLETED'
FIRST_EXCEPTION = 'FIRST_EXCEPTION'
ALL_COMPLETED = 'ALL_COMPLETED'
_AS_COMPLETED = '_AS_COMPLETED'

# Possible future states (for internal use by the futures package).
PENDING = 'PENDING'
RUNNING = 'RUNNING'
# The future was cancelled by the user...
CANCELLED = 'CANCELLED'
# ...and _Waiter.add_cancelled() was called by a worker.
CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED = 'CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED'
FINISHED = 'FINISHED'

_FUTURE_STATES = [
    PENDING,
    RUNNING,
    CANCELLED,
    CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED,
    FINISHED
]

_STATE_TO_DESCRIPTION_MAP = {
    PENDING: "pending",
    RUNNING: "running",
    CANCELLED: "cancelled",
    CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED: "cancelled",
    FINISHED: "finished"
}

# Logger for internal use by the futures package.
LOGGER = logging.getLogger("concurrent.futures")
STDERR_HANDLER = logging.StreamHandler()
LOGGER.addHandler(STDERR_HANDLER)


class Error(Exception):
    """Base class for all future-related exceptions."""
    pass


class CancelledError(Error):
    """The Future was cancelled."""
    pass


class TimeoutError(Error):
    """The operation exceeded the given deadline."""
    pass


class _Waiter(object):
    """Provides the event that `wait` and `as_completed` block on."""
    def __init__(self):
        self.event = threading.Event()
        self.finished_futures = []

    def add_result(self, future):
        self.finished_futures.append(future)

    def add_exception(self, future):
        self.finished_futures.append(future)

    def add_cancelled(self, future):
        self.finished_futures.append(future)


class _AsCompletedWaiter(_Waiter):
    """Used by `as_completed`."""

    def __init__(self):
        super(_AsCompletedWaiter, self).__init__()
        self.lock = threading.Lock()

    def add_result(self, future):
        with self.lock:
            super(_AsCompletedWaiter, self).add_result(future)
            self.event.set()

    def add_exception(self, future):
        with self.lock:
            super(_AsCompletedWaiter, self).add_exception(future)
            self.event.set()

    def add_cancelled(self, future):
        with self.lock:
            super(_AsCompletedWaiter, self).add_cancelled(future)
            self.event.set()


class _FirstCompletedWaiter(_Waiter):
    """Used by `wait(return_when=FIRST_COMPLETED)`."""

    def add_result(self, future):
        super(_FirstCompletedWaiter, self).add_result(future)
        self.event.set()

    def add_exception(self, future):
        super(_FirstCompletedWaiter, self).add_exception(future)
        self.event.set()

    def add_cancelled(self, future):
        super(_FirstCompletedWaiter, self).add_cancelled(future)
        self.event.set()


class _AllCompletedWaiter(_Waiter):
    """Used by `wait(return_when=FIRST_EXCEPTION and ALL_COMPLETED)`."""

    def __init__(self, num_pending_calls, stop_on_exception):
        self.num_pending_calls = num_pending_calls
        self.stop_on_exception = stop_on_exception
        super(_AllCompletedWaiter, self).__init__()

    def _decrement_pending_calls(self):
        if self.num_pending_calls == len(self.finished_futures):
            self.event.set()

    def add_result(self, future):
        super(_AllCompletedWaiter, self).add_result(future)
        self._decrement_pending_calls()

    def add_exception(self, future):
        super(_AllCompletedWaiter, self).add_exception(future)
        if self.stop_on_exception:
            self.event.set()
        else:
            self._decrement_pending_calls()

    def add_cancelled(self, future):
        super(_AllCompletedWaiter, self).add_cancelled(future)
        self._decrement_pending_calls()


class _AcquireFutures(object):
    """A context manager that does an ordered acquire of `Future`
    conditions.
    """

    def __init__(self, futures):
        self.futures = sorted(futures, key=id)

    def __enter__(self):
        for future in self.futures:
            future._condition.acquire()

    def __exit__(self, *args):
        for future in self.futures:
            future._condition.release()


def _create_and_install_waiters(fs, return_when):
    if return_when == _AS_COMPLETED:
        waiter = _AsCompletedWaiter()
    elif return_when == FIRST_COMPLETED:
        waiter = _FirstCompletedWaiter()
    else:
        pending_count = sum(
            f._state not in [CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED, FINISHED] for f in fs)

        if return_when == FIRST_EXCEPTION:
            waiter = _AllCompletedWaiter(pending_count,
                                         stop_on_exception=True)
        elif return_when == ALL_COMPLETED:
            waiter = _AllCompletedWaiter(pending_count,
                                         stop_on_exception=False)
        else:
            raise ValueError("Invalid return condition: %r" % return_when)

    for f in fs:
        f._waiters.append(waiter)

    return waiter


def as_completed(fs, timeout=None):
    """An iterator over the given futures that yields each as it completes.

    Parameters
    ----------
    fs
        The sequence of Futures (possibly created by different Executors) to
        iterate over.

    timeout
        The maximum number of seconds to wait. If None, then there
        is no limit on the wait time.

    Returns
    -------
    An iterator that yields the given Futures as they complete (finished or
    cancelled).

    Raises
    ------
    TimeoutError
        If the entire result iterator could not be generated
        before the given timeout.
    """
    if timeout is not None:
        end_time = timeout + time.time()

    with _AcquireFutures(fs):
        finished = set(
            f for f in fs
            if f._state in [CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED, FINISHED])
        pending = set(fs) - finished
        waiter = _create_and_install_waiters(fs, _AS_COMPLETED)

    try:
        for future in finished:
            yield future

        while pending:
            if timeout is None:
                wait_timeout = None
            else:
                wait_timeout = end_time - time.time()
                if wait_timeout < 0:
                    raise TimeoutError(
                        '%d (of %d) futures unfinished' % (
                        len(pending), len(fs)))

            waiter.event.wait(wait_timeout)

            with waiter.lock:
                finished = waiter.finished_futures
                waiter.finished_futures = []
                waiter.event.clear()

            for future in finished:
                yield future
                pending.remove(future)

    finally:
        for f in fs:
            f._waiters.remove(waiter)


DoneAndNotDoneFutures = namedtuple(
    'DoneAndNotDoneFutures', 'done not_done')


def wait(fs, timeout=None, return_when=ALL_COMPLETED):
    """Wait for the futures in the given sequence to complete.

    Parameters
    ----------
    fs
        The sequence of Futures (possibly created by different Executors) to
        wait upon.

    timeout
        The maximum number of seconds to wait. If None, then there
        is no limit on the wait time.

    return_when
        Indicates when this function should return. The options
        are:

            FIRST_COMPLETED - Return when any future finishes or is
                              cancelled.
            FIRST_EXCEPTION - Return when any future finishes by raising an
                              exception. If no future raises an exception
                              then it is equivalent to ALL_COMPLETED.
            ALL_COMPLETED -   Return when all futures finish or are cancelled.

    Returns
    -------
    A named 2-tuple of sets. The first set, named 'done', contains the
    futures that completed (is finished or cancelled) before the wait
    completed. The second set, named 'not_done', contains uncompleted
    futures.
    """
    with _AcquireFutures(fs):
        done = set(f for f in fs
                   if f._state in [CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED, FINISHED])
        not_done = set(fs) - done

        if (return_when == FIRST_COMPLETED) and done:
            return DoneAndNotDoneFutures(done, not_done)
        elif (return_when == FIRST_EXCEPTION) and done:
            if any(f for f in done
                   if not f.cancelled() and f.exception() is not None):
                return DoneAndNotDoneFutures(done, not_done)

        if len(done) == len(fs):
            return DoneAndNotDoneFutures(done, not_done)

        waiter = _create_and_install_waiters(fs, return_when)

    waiter.event.wait(timeout)
    for f in fs:
        f._waiters.remove(waiter)

    done.update(waiter.finished_futures)
    return DoneAndNotDoneFutures(done, set(fs) - done)


class Future(object):
    """Represents the result of an asynchronous computation."""

    def __init__(self):
        """Initializes the future. Should not be called by clients."""
        self._condition = threading.Condition()
        self._state = PENDING
        self._result = None
        self._exception = None
        self._waiters = []
        self._done_callbacks = []

    def _invoke_callbacks(self):
        for callback in self._done_callbacks:
            try:
                callback(self)
            except Exception:
                LOGGER.exception('exception calling callback for %r', self)

    def __repr__(self):
        with self._condition:
            if self._state == FINISHED:
                if self._exception:
                    return '<Future at %s state=%s raised %s>' % (
                        hex(id(self)),
                        _STATE_TO_DESCRIPTION_MAP[self._state],
                        self._exception.__class__.__name__)
                else:
                    return '<Future at %s state=%s returned %s>' % (
                        hex(id(self)),
                        _STATE_TO_DESCRIPTION_MAP[self._state],
                        self._result.__class__.__name__)
            return '<Future at %s state=%s>' % (
                hex(id(self)), _STATE_TO_DESCRIPTION_MAP[self._state])

    def cancel(self):
        """Cancel the future if possible.

        Returns True if the future was cancelled, False otherwise. A future
        cannot be cancelled if it is running or has already completed.
        """
        with self._condition:
            if self._state in [RUNNING, FINISHED]:
                return False

            if self._state in [CANCELLED, CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED]:
                return True

            self._state = CANCELLED
            self._condition.notify_all()

        self._invoke_callbacks()
        return True

    def cancelled(self):
        """Return True if the future has cancelled."""
        with self._condition:
            return self._state in [CANCELLED, CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED]

    def running(self):
        """Return True if the future is currently executing."""
        with self._condition:
            return self._state == RUNNING

    def done(self):
        """Return True of the future was cancelled or finished executing."""
        with self._condition:
            return self._state in [CANCELLED, CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED, FINISHED]

    def __get_result(self):
        if self._exception:
            raise self._exception
        else:
            return self._result

    def add_done_callback(self, fn):
        """Attaches a callable that will be called when the future finishes.

        Parameters
        ----------
        fn
            A callable that will be called with this future as its only
            argument when the future completes or is cancelled. The callable
            will always be called by a thread in the same process in which
            it was added. If the future has already completed or been
            cancelled then the callable will be called immediately. These
            callables are called in the order that they were added.
        """
        with self._condition:
            if (self._state not in [CANCELLED, CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED,
                                    FINISHED]):
                self._done_callbacks.append(fn)
                return
        fn(self)

    def result(self, timeout=None):
        """Return the result of the call that the future represents.

        Parameters
        ----------
        timeout
            The number of seconds to wait for the result if the future
            isn't done. If None, then there is no limit on the wait time.

        Returns
        -------
        The result of the call that the future represents.

        Raises
        ------
        CancelledError
            If the future was cancelled.

        TimeoutError
            If the future didn't finish executing before the given
            timeout.

        Exception
            If the call raised then that exception will be raised.
        """
        with self._condition:
            if self._state in [CANCELLED, CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED]:
                raise CancelledError()
            elif self._state == FINISHED:
                return self.__get_result()

            self._condition.wait(timeout)

            if self._state in [CANCELLED, CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED]:
                raise CancelledError()
            elif self._state == FINISHED:
                return self.__get_result()
            else:
                raise TimeoutError()

    def exception(self, timeout=None):
        """Return the exception raised by the call that the future represents.

        Parameters
        ----------
        timeout
            The number of seconds to wait for the exception if the
            future isn't done. If None, then there is no limit on the wait
            time.

        Returns
        -------
        The exception raised by the call that the future represents or None
        if the call completed without raising.

        Raises
        ------
        CancelledError
            If the future was cancelled.

        TimeoutError
            If the future didn't finish executing before the given
            timeout.
        """

        with self._condition:
            if self._state in [CANCELLED, CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED]:
                raise CancelledError()
            elif self._state == FINISHED:
                return self._exception

            self._condition.wait(timeout)

            if self._state in [CANCELLED, CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED]:
                raise CancelledError()
            elif self._state == FINISHED:
                return self._exception
            else:
                raise TimeoutError()

    # The following methods should only be used by Executors and in tests.
    def set_running_or_notify_cancel(self):
        """Mark the future as running or process any cancel notifications.

        Should only be used by `Executor` implementations and unit tests.

        If the future has been cancelled (`cancel` was called and returned
        True) then any threads waiting on the future completing (though calls
        to `as_completed` or `wait`) are notified and False is returned.

        If the future was not cancelled then it is put in the running state
        (future calls to `running` will return True) and True is returned.

        This method should be called by `Executor` implementations before
        executing the work associated with this future. If this method returns
        False then the work should not be executed.

        Returns
        -------
        False if the Future was cancelled, True otherwise.

        Raises
        ------
        RuntimeError
            if this method was already called or if `set_result`
            or `set_exception` was called.
        """
        with self._condition:
            if self._state == CANCELLED:
                self._state = CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED
                for waiter in self._waiters:
                    waiter.add_cancelled(self)
                # self._condition.notify_all() is not necessary because
                # self.cancel() triggers a notification.
                return False
            elif self._state == PENDING:
                self._state = RUNNING
                return True
            else:
                LOGGER.critical('Future %s in unexpected state: %s',
                                id(self.future),
                                self.future._state)
                raise RuntimeError('Future in unexpected state')

    def set_result(self, result):
        """Sets the return value of work associated with the future.

        Should only be used by `Executor` implementations and unit tests.
        """
        with self._condition:
            self._result = result
            self._state = FINISHED
            for waiter in self._waiters:
                waiter.add_result(self)
            self._condition.notify_all()
        self._invoke_callbacks()

    def set_exception(self, exception):
        """Sets the result of the future as being the given exception.

        Should only be used by `Executor` implementations and unit tests.
        """
        with self._condition:
            self._exception = exception
            self._state = FINISHED
            for waiter in self._waiters:
                waiter.add_exception(self)
            self._condition.notify_all()
        self._invoke_callbacks()


class Executor(object):
    """This is an abstract base class for concrete asynchronous executors."""

    def submit(self, fn, *args, **kwargs):
        """Submits a callable to be executed with the given arguments.

        Schedules the callable to be executed as `fn(*args, **kwargs)` and
        returns a `Future` instance representing the execution of the callable.

        Returns
        -------
        A Future representing the given call.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def map(self, fn, *iterables, **kwargs):
        """Returns a iterator equivalent to `map(fn, iter)`.

        Parameters
        ----------
        fn
            A callable that will take take as many arguments as there are
            passed iterables.

        timeout
            The maximum number of seconds to wait. If None, then there
            is no limit on the wait time.

        Returns
        -------
        An iterator equivalent to: `map(func, *iterables)` but the calls may
        be evaluated out-of-order.

        Raises
        ------
        TimeoutError
            If the entire result iterator could not be generated
            before the given timeout.

        Exception
            If `fn(*args)` raises for any values.
        """
        timeout = kwargs.get('timeout')
        if timeout is not None:
            end_time = timeout + time.time()

        fs = [self.submit(fn, *args) for args in zip(*iterables)]

        try:
            for future in fs:
                if timeout is None:
                    yield future.result()
                else:
                    yield future.result(end_time - time.time())
        finally:
            for future in fs:
                future.cancel()

    def shutdown(self, wait=True):
        """Clean-up the resources associated with the `Executor`.

        It is safe to call this method several times. Otherwise, no other
        methods can be called after this one.

        Parameters
        ----------
        wait
            If True then shutdown will not return until all running
            futures have finished executing and the resources used by the
            executor have been reclaimed.
        """
        pass

    def __enter__(self):
        return self

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        self.shutdown(wait=True)
        return False
